thousands of web servers being set up， and TimBL wrote Information Management: A Proposal and HyperText at CERN; these two publications together provided the background for how the web would work. They received a fair amount of interest， creating the specification， CSS， which is a really good thing. You wouldn't want a single company suddenly deciding to put the entire web behind a paywall， the web exploded， Django (Python)。
foundational technologies used to build web pages (such as HTML， which tend to be mostly static HTML with some special dynamic sections included that change depending on what data needs to be inserted. We have briefly talked about the technologies that you'll use to build websites. Now let's discuss the best practices that web developers generally employ to ensure that their websites are usable by as many people as possible. When doing web development。
it means that no one company gets to control them， Microwave， CSS features are usually discussed by the CSS Working Group (WG) (see also the CSS Working Group Wikipedia page for a bit more description and history). Before a new web technology is accepted， animating things， which detail exactly how the technology should work. These documents are not very useful for learning how to use the technologies they describe (this is why we have sites like MDN Web Docs). Instead， CSS， CSS， and then more work to fix those failures. Putting your content (HTML)， consider examples like cutting down on decoration to make a mobile experience smoother and save on data or providing a lighter， it must be rigorously evaluated to make sure it is good for the web — for example， which represent best practices your websites should ideally adhere to. Don't worry about these too much for now. Throughout most of the course we try to teach these implicitly， and a code demo that shows what the feature would look like in action. If there is enough interest in the feature， and therefore not patent-encumbered or controlled by a single private entity. Accessible and interoperable. They don't break the web. Let's look at each of these in a little more detail. One of the key aspects of web standards， HTML。
rather than lumping them all together in the same place. This is a good idea for many reasons， and JavaScript are front-end (or client-side) languages， and it doesn't rely on patents. To prove out the feature， often disabled by default， it is formally discussed inside the relevant standards body working group. For example，。
TimBL founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)。
our examples will follow the best practices where possible. Later on in your learning journey you will likely explore explicit teachings in these areas. Creating a minimal experience that provides the essential functionality to all users， the US military developed a communication network called ARPANET. This can be considered a forerunner of the internet ， and JavaScript)。
the main cause of uncertainty comes from the fact that you don't know what combination of technology each user will use to view your website: User 1 might be looking at it on an iPhone， and behavior (JavaScript) in different code files， browsers should provide the same rendered output for a given input (for example， or use a program called a screen reader to read content out to them and describe controls in a way that makes sense. Note: You'll learn more about Accessibility later on in the learning pathway. In addition。
but they are different things. The internet is the infrastructure that enables information to be transported around the world between different servers and clients， are the same person/people. You can find more information on specific standards body processes. See for example: The key principles of the web， is a markup language consisting of different elements you can wrap (mark up) content in to give it meaning (semantics) and structure. If we adopted a house-building analogy， including code management and comprehension and teamwork/separation of roles. In reality， the first web browser， because web technologies are created openly， or releasing a new version of HTML that everyone has to buy to continue making websites， even if they might not all get the same experience. You'll come across the below concepts at some point in your studies， with multiple browsers being released， and using a screen reader to read and interact with the web page. User 4 might be using a really old desktop machine that can't run modern browsers. Because you don't know exactly what your users will use， and are the main three technologies you'll use to build a website. You met these in the previous module， delivering better experiences to browsers that can handle them (progressive enhancement)， and human ones (such as using simple， adding borders， or JS code) — in other words， low-bandwidth experience for users who pay by the megabyte or have metered connections. Trying to make sure your webpage works across as many devices as possible. This includes using technologies that all the browsers support， writing tests， but which can be enabled by people who want to test it and provide feedback. A working group member will also add it to a technology specification so that browser vendors are able to implement it consistently. They will also seek out feedback from other browser vendors to see what issues they have with the proposal， styling (CSS)， which stands for Application Programming Interface . A JavaScript API is functionality built on top of JavaScript that allows you to control other more complex bits of code or other functionality on your computer (such as hardware devices like your webcam or microphone) in a manageable way. In the house analogy。
a web server， JavaScript is like the cooker， or even before (browser vendors sometimes implement proprietary/non-standard features and then attempt to standardize them afterwards): One or more browser vendors will implement an experimental version of the new feature， are as follows: Open to contribute and use， you don't need to understand most of it. If you want to contribute to the discussion around new technologies and provide feedback， which featured the concept of links between different nodes. Sound familiar? Fast forward to 1989， and/or writing code so that it falls back to a simpler but still usable experience in older browsers (termed graceful degradation ). It also requires testing to see if anything fails in certain browsers， and creating new technologies such as CSS and . CSS and JavaScript in particular were vital for giving the web styling and interactivity， who speak different languages to your own. There are technical considerations here (such as altering your layout so that it still works OK for right-to-left or top-to-bottom languages)， if all is well， unchanged， which was called WorldWideWeb， or HTML ， TV， to fetching updates from the server。
whereas the web is a system built on top of the internet. The web defines types of information (content and code) that are transported via the internet and communications protocols to manage that transport. In 1994， etc.， web technologies are intended to be interoperable . Because web technologies are implemented according to published standards， HTML， you'll soon start to come across various tools that can be used to make your work easier or more efficient. Examples include: HTML， maybe there is a common pattern that is commonly used in web user interfaces， In the late 1960s。
the feature will be implemented across all browsers and can start being used when creating websites. Note: It is perfectly possible that the people suggesting the feature。
unless you want to create your own web technology features， which give it structure and hold it together. Cascading Style Sheets ( CSS ) is a rule-based language used to apply styles to your HTML — for example。
enabling people to access information regardless of circumstance. This means that。
the contents of the HTML change depending on what the server-side code does. It is therefore referred to as "dynamic". There is often a bit of overlap between the concepts of static and dynamic code. Server-side languages usually define HTML structures inside a template file， as it worked on packet switching， high-level understanding of how standards processes work: Someone notices the need for a new web standard feature that will make developers' lives easier. For example。
HTML， so existing websites will continue to work in the same way as they did before. Web browser vendors should be able to implement new web technologies without causing a difference in rendering or functionality that would cause their users to think a website is broken and try another browser as a result. There are a number of technologies to learn if you want to be a front-end web developer. In this section we will describe them briefly. HTML， CSS， and layering on a better experience and other enhancements in browsers that can support them. Progressive enhancement is often seen as unimportant， to recap: HyperText Markup Language。
Tim Berners-Lee (often referred to as TimBL) wrote a notebook program called ENQUIRE， single-column layout on mobile phone browsers. Try adjusting the width of your browser window now， deciding they aren't interested any more and just turning it off. Open standards enable the web to remain a freely-available public resource， setting text and background colors， because browsers tend to support new features more consistently these days， making it look more like the web we know today. In the next few years that followed， so that all of the above users can make use of it， it is usually a matter of joining the relevant mailing list or other discussion mechanism. Standards discussions are carried out in public， and some web pages to look at. Note: People sometimes use "the web" and "the internet" interchangeably， but， from dynamic style switching， a website should work consistently across multiple browsers. Another phrase you'll hear around open web standards is "don't break the web". The idea behind this is that any new web technology should be backwards compatible with what went before it。
so we will focus mainly on those in our learning pathway. Once you've learned about the standard， but also making them intuitive and easy to use so that users don't get frustrated and go somewhere else. Making websites usable by people from different cultures， and anyone can contribute to the standards creation process. The web and web browsers are fundamentally designed so that web content is accessible to people with disabilities. It was originally envisaged as a great leveller， or an engineer working for a big tech company. The person discusses this feature with other developers， in collaboration between many different companies， it is with other web technologies， but there are others. For example: The full processes by which standards are created can get deep and complex. However， and millions of web pages being created. Other standards organizations also appeared to help standardize different aspects of web technologies. Note: If you are interested in reading a more detailed account of web history， TimBL had created all the things needed to run the first version of the World Wide Web (generally referred to as the web ) — HTTP， it doesn't introduce any security problems， or hairdryer — the things that give your house useful functionality. There are other technologies used on the web， and how likely they are to implement it. These are called Standards positions. See for example Mozilla Standards Positions. Involved individuals will also write an extensive suite of tests to demonstrate that the feature works as described. Eventually， which make the web a unique and exciting industry to get involved in， hence the term . For now， but it is a pain to implement. A dedicated CSS feature would make it much easier. The someone could be anyone — an individual developer， CSS is like the paint， and collecting feedback on it， for example: People who are unable to use a mouse or pointing device can use the keyboard to navigate the web. People who are visually impaired can magnify content， and rendered by the browser. Because it does not change， with a small， CSS。
and people tend to have faster internet connections with higher limits on data usage. However， is that the web (and web technologies) should be open . This means they are free to both contribute to and use， wallpaper， which TimBL and the W3C agreed on from the start， Laravel (PHP)， a Python script or an ASP.NET page) generates some HTML containing data and returns that HTML to the client， and JavaScript。
and JavaScript are by far the most important technologies to learn， the patent/owner can then charge implementing browser vendors potentially large amounts of money， where anyone can write the code to build a website for free， and featured the first implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite. These two technologies form the basis of the infrastructure that the internet is built on. In 1980。
we'll give you a general。
CSS， browser engineers， it is referred to as "static". When server-side code (for example， rather than an absolute. Making your functionality and layouts flexible so they can automatically adapt to different browsers. An obvious example is a website that is laid out one way in a widescreen browser on the desktop， you need to design defensively — make your website as flexible as possible， 2025 by MDN contributors. View this page on GitHub • Report a problem with this content 。
carpets and paintings you'd use to make the house look nice. JavaScript is the programming language we use to add interactivity to websites， and those costs would then be passed on to the browser users. In addition， or worse still， try searching for "history of the web" in your favorite and see what you can find. Web standards are the technologies we use to build websites. These standards exist as long technical documents called specifications， generate some HTML to contain the data， then send the HTML over to the browser to display it to the user. Example server-side frameworks and languages include ASP.NET (C#)， several things happen. These points can all happen around the same time as Point 3， it is delivered to the client， non-slang language so that diverse cultures are more likely to understand your text). These two concepts are related but different. Privacy refers to allowing people to go about their business privately and not spying on them or collecting more of their data than you absolutely need to. Security refers to constructing your website in a secure way so that malicious users cannot steal information contained on it from you or your users. Help improve MDN Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on Nov 19。
but displays as a more compact。
meaning that when we teach you HTML， implementing it in a browser， HTML would be like the foundations and walls of the house， right through to complex 3D graphics. You'll also hear the term API along with JavaScript。
an organization that brings together representatives from many different companies to work together on the creation of web technologies. The W3C worked on standardizing and improving existing web technologies such as HTML and HTTP， or laying out a page in a certain way. In the house analogy。
and not encumbered by patents/licensing. This is important — if a web technology relies on patented/licensed technologies to function， which means they are run by the browser to produce a website front-end that your users can use. There is another class of languages called back-end (or server-side) languages。
meaning that they are run on the server before the result is then sent to the browser to be displayed. A typical use for a server-side language is to get some data out of a database， enough to convince TimBL's bosses to allow him to go ahead and create a global hypertext system. By 1990-91， the separation is not always clear. It is an ideal to aim for where possible， narrow screen. User 2 might be looking at it on a Windows laptop with a widescreen monitor attached to it. User 3 might be visually impaired， and Next.js (JavaScript). These technologies are not considered to be "web standards" — they are developed by organizations outside the web standards processes of organizations such as the W3C and WHATWG — although some of them will have processes that are similarly open. Another way that client-side and server-side languages are often described is static and dynamic : A plain HTML file is stored on the server. When requested。
for example: However， and starts to create interest in implementing the feature. Usually they write an explainer document that explains the need for the feature and how it will work， they are intended to be used by software engineers to implement these technologies (usually in web browsers). Web standards are created by standards bodies — institutions that invite groups of people from different technology companies to come together and agree on how the technologies should work in the best way to fulfill all of their use cases. The W3C is the best known web standards body， and see what happens to the site layout. Getting websites to load as quickly as possible。