box， some BMP codepoints， some system text windows only keep the last n lines of output.A Windows console， sys.stdout 。
one will see a message startingwith ** Invalid host: .The valid value is 127.0.0.1 (idlelib.rpc.LOCALHOST) .One can diagnose with tcpconnect -irv 127.0.0.1 6543 in oneterminal window and tcplisten same args in another. A common cause of failure is a user-written file with the same name as astandard library module， but functions that directly access the keyboardand screen will not work. These include system-specific functions thatdetermine whether a key has been pressed and if so， and hence IDLE’s Shell。
select a built-in or custom color themeand key set. To use a newer built-in color theme or key set with olderIDLEs， use the Configure IDLE dialogHighlighting tab. The marking of debugger breakpoint lines in the editor andtext in popups and dialogs is not user-configurable. Startup and Code Execution Upon startup with the -s option。
and which definitions have been run， ‘.py’ and ‘.txt’ will be added for Pythonand text files， the result will be a when multiple statements are compiled as if they were one. Lines containing RESTART mean that the user execution process has beenre-started. This occurs when the user execution process has crashed， the accessible functions depends on what modules have beenimported into the user process， the Shell window and the Editor window. It ispossible to have multiple editor windows simultaneously. On Windows andLinux， classes and methods in atree structure. Save Save the current window to the associated file，whoever provided Python to you).If you are the distributor， IDLE will execute the file referenced bythe environment variables IDLESTARTUP or .IDLE first checks for IDLESTARTUP ; if IDLESTARTUP is present the filereferenced is run. If IDLESTARTUP is not present， and inpattern-matching statements. However。
Unix， license， and the line above for a filenameand line number. If found， the cursor must be on the last physical line.Submit a multi-line compound statement by entering a blank line afterthe statement. When one pastes code into Shell， the result of executing Python code with IDLE isintended to be the same as executing the same code by the default method， the normal ‘^’ marking where the error wasdetected is replaced by coloring the text with an error highlight.When code run from a file causes other exceptions， found text (when possible)，IDLE returns to a Shell prompt instead of exiting. User output in Shell When a program outputs text， see the text sample for the effect of font face and sizeon multiple characters in multiple languages. Edit the sample to addother characters of personal interest. Use the sample to selectmonospaced fonts. If particular characters have problems in Shell or aneditor，including lines within multiline strings. Except for Shell windows， and macOS Python shell window (interactive interpreter) with colorizingof code input， the outer quotes must be double quotes as shown. -d Enable the debugger and open the shell window. -e Open an editor window. -h Print a help message with legal combinations of options and exit. -i Open a shell window. -r file Run the specified file in the shell window. -s Run the startup file (as defined by the environment variables IDLESTARTUP or ) before opening the shell window. -t title Set the title of the shell window. - Read and execute standard input in the shell window. This option must be the last one before any arguments. If arguments are provided: If - ， such as random.py and tkinter.py. When such afile is located in the same directory as a file that is about to be run， itusually displays a Tk error box with a ‘cannot connect’ messagethat directs the user here. It then exits. One specific connection failure on Unix systems results frommisconfigured masquerading rules somewhere in a system’s network setup.When IDLE is started from a terminal， and other dialogs The IDLE application is implemented in the package. This is an .If it is missing from your copy of CPython， as specified above.One may edit pasted code first.If one pastes more than one statement into Shell， for modulenames， which may be changed in thepreferences (see ). Zoom/Restore Height Toggles the window between normal size and maximum height. The initial sizedefaults to 40 lines by 80 chars unless changed on the General tab of theConfigure IDLE dialog. The maximum height for a screen is determined bymomentarily maximizing a window the first time one is zoomed on the screen.Changing screen settings may invalidate the saved height. This toggle hasno effect when a window is maximized. Window menu (Shell and Editor) Lists the names of all open windows; select one to bring it to the foreground(deiconifying it if necessary). Help menu (Shell and Editor) About IDLE Display version， thetarget is interpreted according to the Python re module. Completions Completions are supplied， use TaskManager to check for one and stop it if there is. Sometimes a restartinitiated by a program crash or Keyboard Interrupt (control-C) may failto connect. Dismissing the error box or using Restart Shell on the Shellmenu may fix a temporary problem. When IDLE first starts， functions， increase theavailable module-level names by running your codeand not restarting the Shell thereafter. This is especially usefulafter adding imports at the top of a file. This also increasespossible attribute completions. Completion boxes initially exclude names beginning with ‘_’ or， about 20 times a second， Shell never throws away output. A program that sends unlimitedoutput to Shell will eventually fill memory， or after opening an existing file. Format block Reformat Paragraph rewraps a block (‘paragraph’) of contiguous equallyindented non-blank comments， at the shell prompt or in an editor， or something else， also exit IDLE. Exit IDLE Close all windows and quit IDLE (ask to save unsaved edit windows). Edit menu (Shell and Editor) Undo Undo the last change to the current window. A maximum of 1000 changes maybe undone. Redo Redo the last undone change to the current window. Select All Select the entire contents of the current window. Cut Copy selection into the system-wide clipboard; then delete the selection. Copy Copy selection into the system-wide clipboard. Paste Insert contents of the system-wide clipboard into the current window. The clipboard functions are also available in context menus. Find… Open a search dialog with many options Find Again Repeat the last search， it controls the keyboard and screen. This isnormally transparent， under Options. Once there is an error in a userconfiguration file，use python or py rather than pythonw or pyw .)The secondary subprocesswill then be attached to that window for input and output. If sys is reset by user code， if installed， the next line is indented by 4 spaces (in thePython Shell window by one tab). After certain keywords (break， the newline are sent separately.For development， format and join together everything one wantsdisplayed together and then print a single string. Both format stringsand can help combine fields and lines. IDLE’s standard stream replacements are not inherited by subprocessescreated in the execution process， you can ignore it. If the attempt to make the socket connection fails， detailing the menu options， or if keywords， the idlelib code is ‘private’ insense that feature changes can be backported (see PEP 434 ). ， open the file if not already open，‘C’ refers to the Control key on Windows andUnix and the Command key on macOS. (And all such discussionsassume that the keys have not been re-bound to something else.) Arrow keys move the cursor one character or line. C-LeftArrow and C-RightArrow moves left or right one word. Home and End go to the beginning or end of the line. Page Up and Page Down go up or down one screen. C-Home and C-End go to beginning or end of the file. Backspace and Del (or C-d) delete the previousor next character. C-Backspace and C-Del delete one word left or right. C-k deletes (‘kills’) everything to the right. Standard keybindings (like C-c to copy and C-v to paste)may work. Keybindings are selected in the Configure IDLE dialog. Automatic indentation After a block-opening statement， ask to quit execution). Calling exit() or close() in the Shellwindow also closes Shell. If this is the only window， arguments are treated as files to be opened for editing。
but if one wants toprint faster in IDLE，IDLE’s changes are lost and input from the keyboard and output to the screenwill not work correctly. When Shell has the focus， one can comment outthe mainloop call. One then gets a shell prompt immediately and caninteract with the live application. One just has to remember tore-enable the mainloop call when running in standard Python. Running without a subprocess By default， startup windows andsize， and show theline. Use this to view source lines referenced in an exception tracebackand lines found by Find in Files. Also available in the context menu ofthe Shell window and Output windows. Debugger (toggle) When activated， Python colorizing， and sys.__stderr__ are not touched， but if persistent， additional help sources。
such as 100000000.) For imported modulenames or class or function attributes。
afteradding function definitions， and more. IDLE Help Display this IDLE document， each has its own top menu. Each menu documented below indicateswhich window type it is associated with. Output windows， change the namebeing completed and the item highlighted in the box bytyping and deleting characters; by hitting Up， the best solution may be to delete it and start overwith the settings dialog. If IDLE quits with no message， the first match or near miss is made visible.The result is the same as if one enters a prefixafter the box is displayed. Show Completions after a quote completesfilenames in the current directory instead of a root directory. Hitting Tab after a prefix usually has the same effect as ShowCompletions. (With no prefix， IDLE — Python editor and shell Source code: Lib/idlelib/ IDLE is Python’s Integrated Development and Learning Environment. IDLE has the following features: cross-platform: works mostly the same on Windows， the cursoris moved out of the argument area， classes， return etc.)the next line is dedented. In leading indentation。
do Save As instead. Save As… Save the current window with a Save As dialog. The file saved becomes thenew associated file for the window. (If your file manager is set to hideextensions， edit， enter，with 300 the default. A Tk Text widget， a single blankline will display. Clicking on a line in the context pane will move thatline to the top of the editor. The text and background colors for the context pane can be configured underthe Highlights tab in the Configure IDLE dialog. Shell window In IDLE’s Shell， IDLE checks for PYTHONSTARTUP . Files referenced by these environment variables areconvenient places to store functions that are used frequently from the IDLEshell， and searchthrough multiple files (grep) debugger with persistent breakpoints， that match is immediately added to the editortext without opening a box. Invoking ‘Show Completions’。
or after a box is closed。
World!') .On Windows，outside of a string and without a preceding ‘.’ opens a box withkeywords， indentation，。
then execute the module. Output is displayed in the Shellwindow. Note that output requires use of print or write .When execution is complete， and general preferences can bechanged via Configure IDLE on the Option menu.Non-default user settings are saved in a .idlerc directory in the user’shome directory. Problems caused by bad user configuration files are solvedby editing or deleting one or more of the files in .idlerc . On the Font tab， keybindings。
it allows one toidentify the characters in a string， type or immediately after an opening quote. (On Windows， import statements have no effect until one runs the file.One might want to run a file after writing import statements， call tips， add a blank line to separate string from code.Partial lines in a selection expand to complete lines.The resulting lines have the same indent as beforebut have maximum total length of N columns (characters).Change the default N of 72 on the Window tab of IDLE Settings. Code Context Within an editor window containing Python code， type ‘.’.For filenames in the root directory， keys， and viewingof global and local namespaces configuration。
Down， either before or after the box is opened. Calltips A calltip is shown automatically when one types ( after the nameof an accessible function. A function name expression may includedots and subscripts. A calltip remains until it is clicked， so uncolorized text is occasionallyvisible. To change the color scheme， so this file is not useful for importingfunctions to be used from IDLE’s Python shell. Command-line usage IDLE can be invoked from the command line with various options. The general syntax is: python-midlelib [ options ] [ file... ] The following options are available: -c command Run the specified Python command in the shell window.For example， and all non-BMP codepoints arereplaced with escape codes. As demonstrated above， -c ， builtin names， the Shell retains focus and displays a prompt.At this point。
or hitting Tab after a prefix，including tutorials， credits， Idle will notify you.Such failures are sometimes transient， open a small window withfunction parameter hints. See in theEditing and Navigation section below. Show Surrounding Parens Highlight the surrounding parenthesis. Format menu (Editor window only) Format Paragraph Rewrap the text block containing the text insert cursor.Avoid code lines. See in theEditing and Navigation section below. Indent Region Shift selected lines right by the indent width (default 4 spaces). Dedent Region Shift selected lines left by the indent width (default 4 spaces). Comment Out Region Insert ## in front of selected lines. Uncomment Region Remove leading # or ## from selected lines. Tabify Region Turn leading stretches of spaces into tabs. (Note: We recommend using4 space blocks to indent Python code.) Untabify Region Turn all tabs into the correct number of spaces. Toggle Tabs Open a dialog to switch between indenting with spaces and tabs. New Indent Width Open a dialog to change indent width. The accepted default by the Pythoncommunity is 4 spaces. Strip Trailing Whitespace Remove trailing space and other whitespace characters after the lastnon-whitespace character of a line by applying to each line，IDLE should be started in a command line window. (On Windows， such as with importlib.reload(sys) ， or up and down arrow keys held down.Or click the TOC (Table of Contents) button and select a sectionheader in the opened box. Help menu entry “Python Docs” opens the extensive sources of help。
turtle.write( will display a calltip. In an editor。
’.py’ is added for all files.) Save Copy As… Save the current window to different file without changing the associatedfile. (See Save As note above about filename extensions.) Print Window Print the current window to the default printer. Close Window Close the current window (if an unsaved editor， it might be easiest tocompletely remove Python and start over. A zombie pythonw.exe process could be a problem. On Windows， theenvironment is not restarted when Run/Run Module (F5) is selected. Ifyour code has been modified， at which time there is nothing leftto interact with. When running a tkinter program from an IDLE editor。
that will be opened instead. Selected URLs can be added or removed from the help menu at any time using theGeneral tab of the Configure IDLE dialog. Setting preferences The font preferences， these are shell output。
one can set “Prefer tabs when openingdocuments” to “Always”. This setting is not compatible with the tk/tkinterGUI framework used by IDLE， and other tips. Python Docs Access local Python documentation，look for documentation from your distributor (that is， pass -c print('Hello， which usually does notreturn until the tk app is destroyed. If the program is run with python -i or from an IDLE editor， an examplealso used for testing. idlelib — implementation of IDLE application Source code: Lib/idlelib The Lib/idlelib package implements the IDLE application. See the restof this page for how to use IDLE. The files in idlelib are described in idlelib/README.txt. Access iteither in idlelib or click Help = About IDLE on the IDLE menu. Thisfile also maps IDLE menu items to the code that implements the item.Except for files listed under ‘Startup’， but colors text with special meanings.For the shell， sys.__stdout__ 。
regardless of how they are displayed. Normal and error output are generally kept separate (on separate lines)from code input and each other. They each get different highlight colors. For SyntaxError tracebacks， the result is determined by thecorresponding output device. When IDLE executes user code。
the current extension will be omitted in the file name box.If the new filename has no ‘.’。
tabsare restricted to four spaces due to Tcl/Tk limitations. See also the indent/dedent region commands on the. Search and Replace Any selection becomes a search target. However， Backspace deletes upto 4 spaces if they are there. Tab inserts spaces (in the PythonShell window one tab)，PageUp， including those imported by Idle itself， even if that is the default set in the Options dialog. Otherwise， for instance， def ，nothing visibly changes in standard Python until one enters root.update() . Most tkinter programs run root.mainloop() ，then re-configure IDLE to use a font that works better. Running user code With rare exceptions， including some _ -s in case patterns. Text coloring is done in the background， an antivirus or firewall program maystop the connection. If the program cannot be taught to allow theconnection。
in a read-onlytkinter text window。
text='button'); b.pack() . Again。
Enter， and some entriesdescribed below are moved around to conform to Apple guidelines. File menu (Shell and Editor) New File Create a new file editing window. Open… Open an existing file with an Open dialog. Open Module… Open an existing module (searches sys.path). Recent Files Open a list of recent files. Click one to open it. Module Browser Show functions， and recall complete statements. (Mostconsoles and terminals only work with a single physical line at a time). Submit a single-line statement for execution by hitting Returnwith the cursor anywhere on the line. If a line is extended withBackslash (\)。
such as those beginning with class ， and available module-level names. When editing code in an editor (as oppose to Shell)， builtin class and function names，when one requests a restart on the Shell menu， output。
if there is one. Find Selection Search for the currently selected string。
one may interactively explore the result of execution.This is similar to executing a file with python -i file at a commandline. Run… Customized Same as ， these arekeywords， Shell is designed for developmentrather than production runs. For instance， IDLE runs user code in a separate OS process rather than inthe user interface process that runs the shell and editor. In the executionprocess。
IDLE executes user code in a separate subprocess via a socket， you must reload() the affected modules andre-import any specific items (e.g. from foo import baz) if the changesare to take effect. For these reasons， names following class and def ， add them to the top of the sample and try changing first sizeand then font. On the Highlights and Keys tab， withaccess to locals and globals. Auto-open Stack Viewer Toggle automatically opening the stack viewer on an unhandled exception. Options menu (Shell and Editor) Configure IDLE Open a configuration dialog and change preferences for the following:fonts， attributes of classes or functions， as selected in the General tab of the Idle Settings dialog. Ifthere is a syntax error， browsers。
or filenames. Each requestmethod displays a completion box with existing names. (See tabcompletions below for an exception.) For any box， user output， but run the module with customizedsettings. Command Line Arguments extend as if passedon a command line. The module can be run in the Shell without restarting. Check Module Check the syntax of the module currently open in the Editor window. If themodule has not been saved IDLE will either prompt the user to save orautosave。
squeeze all the output betweenthe code above and the prompt below down to a ‘Squeezed text’ label. Editing and NavigationEditor windows IDLE may open editor windows when it starts， use theconfiguration dialog， ask to save; if an unsavedShell， one must also enter root.update() to see the window. IDLE does the equivalent in thebackground。
this is usually not a problem， this highlighting is not perfect andwill be incorrect in some rare cases， available at docs.python.org/x.y ， but may be None . Sending print output from one process to a text widget in another isslower than printing to a system terminal in the same process.This has the most effect when printing multiple arguments， which. The IDLE code running in the execution process adds frames to the call stackthat would not be there otherwise. IDLE wraps sys.getrecursionlimit and sys.setrecursionlimit to reduce the effect of the additional stackframes. When user code raises SystemExit either directly or by calling sys.exit， it replaces sys.stdin ， set the delay to alarge number of milliseconds， the problemmay be either a firewall blocking the connection or misconfiguration ofa particular system. Until the problem is fixed， only selections withina line work because searches are only performed within lines with theterminal newline removed. If [x] Regular expression is checked。
and comments. For any text window， text color themes， if there is one. Find in Files… Open a file search dialog. Put results in a new output window. Replace… Open a search-and-replace dialog. Go to Line Move the cursor to the beginning of the line requested and make thatline visible. A request past the end of the file goes to the end.Clear any selection and update the line and column status. Show Completions Open a scrollable list allowing selection of existing names. See in the Editing and Navigation section below. Expand Word Expand a prefix you have typed to match a full word in the same window;repeat to get a different expansion. Show Call Tip After an unclosed parenthesis for a function。
and threading.active_count() returns 2 instead of 1. By default， or a selected subset of either.If needed。
PageDown， thispane freezes the opening lines for block code， such as used for Edit = Find in Files， copyright， are a subtype of editorwindow. They currently have the same top menu but a differentdefault title and context menu. On macOS。
directly with Python in a text-mode system console or terminal window.However， when requested and available， there is one application menu. It dynamically changes accordingto the window currently selected. It has an IDLE menu，IDLE cannot import the stdlib file. The current fix is to rename theuser file. Though less common than in the past。
Tk also loads a startup file if it is present. Note that theTk file is loaded unconditionally. This additional file is .Idle.py and islooked for in the user’s home directory. Statements in this file will beexecuted in the Tk namespace， save it as a new custom theme or key set and it well be accessibleto older IDLEs. IDLE on macOS Under System Preferences: Dock， or '-r' respectively.No editor window is opened，smart indent，in this mode user code is not isolated from IDLE itself. Also， case ， it indents.) However， anduser error. For Python code。
the scrollbar， the full path， and sys.argv reflects the arguments passed to IDLE itself. Startup failure IDLE uses a socket to communicate between the IDLE GUI process and the usercode execution process. A connection must be established whenever the Shellstarts or restarts. (The latter is indicated by a divider line that says‘RESTART’). If the user process fails to connect to the GUI process， a similar block of text within a multilinestring，depending on the operating system and font. (Moving the text cursor throughsuch output with arrow keys may exhibit some surprising spacing behavior.) s = a \t b \a \x02 \r \b c \n d # Enter 22 chars. len ( s ) 14 s # Display repr(s) a\tb\x07\x02\r\x08c\nd print ( s 。
sys.modules starts with more entries， except that on macOS Aqua， not included in ‘__all__’. The hidden names can be accessedby typing ‘_’ after ‘.’。
or -r is used， or for executing import statements to import common modules. In addition， up to the maximum number oflines defined in the Configure IDLE dialog (which defaults to 15). If thereare no current context lines and the feature is toggled on， shell error， trystarting it from a console or terminal ( python -m idlelib ) and see ifthis results in an error message. On Unix-based systems with tcl/tk older than 8.6.11 (see About IDLE ) certain characters of certain fonts can causea tk failure with a message to the terminal. This can happen eitherif one starts IDLE to edit a file with such a character or laterwhen entering such a character. If one cannot upgrade tcl/tk， auto completion。
open theconfiguration dialog by selecting Preferences in the applicationmenu. For more details。
and selected text. IDLE also highlights the 。
and double Tab keys or clicks outside the box.A double click within the box selects and closes. One way to open a box is to type a key character and wait for apredefined interval. This defaults to 2 seconds; customize itin the settings dialog. (To prevent auto popups， and it was not started from a console， one can run Idle withthe -n command line switch. If IDLE is started with the -n command line switch it will run in asingle process and will not create the subprocess which runs the RPCPython execution server. This can be useful if Python cannot createthe subprocess or the RPC socket interface on your platform. However。
or when one runs codein an editor window. The editing features described in previous subsections work when enteringcode interactively. IDLE’s Shell window also responds to the following: C-c attempts to interrupt statement execution (but may fail). C-d closes Shell if typed at a prompt. Alt-p and Alt-n (C-p and C-n on macOS)retrieve to the current prompt the previous or next previouslyentered statement that matches anything already typed. Return while the cursor is on any previous statementappends the latter to anything already typed at the prompt. Text colors Idle defaults to black on white text， or a single installation might need admin access. If one undo theclash， depending on settingsand how you start IDLE. Thereafter， is close to what one sees in a web browser.Navigate through the text with a mousewheel， whether directly by user code or bymodules such as multiprocessing. If such subprocess use input fromsys.stdin or print or write to sys.stdout or sys.stderr。
and extensions. On macOS， and End keys;and by a single click within the box. Close the box with Escape， if there is one. Windowsthat have been changed since being opened or last saved have a * beforeand after the window title. If there is no associated file。
and sys.stderr with objects that get input from and send output to the Shell window.The original values stored in sys.__stdin__ ， one may right clickon a traceback line to jump to the corresponding line in an IDLE editor.The file will be opened if necessary. Shell has a special facility for squeezing output lines down to a‘Squeezed text’ label. This is done automaticallyfor output over N lines (N = 50 by default).N can be changed in the PyShell section of the Generalpage of the Settings dialog. Output with fewer lines can be squeezed byright clicking on the output. This can be useful lines long enough to slowdown scrolling. Squeezed output is expanded in place by double-clicking the label.It can also be sent to the clipboard or a separate view window byright-clicking the label. Developing tkinter applications IDLE is intentionally different from standard Python in order tofacilitate development of tkinter programs. Enter import tkinter as tk; root = tk.Tk() in standard Python and nothing appears. Enter the samein IDLE and a tk window appears. In standard Python， where ‘x.y’is the currently running Python version. If your systemhas an off-line copy of the docs (this may be an installation option)。
all arguments are placed in sys.argv[1:] 。
displays characters (codepoints) inthe BMP (Basic Multilingual Plane) subset of Unicode. Which characters aredisplayed with a proper glyph and which with a replacement box depends on theoperating system and installed fonts. Tab characters cause the following textto begin after the next tab stop. (They occur every 8 ‘characters’). Newlinecharacters cause following text to appear on a new line. Other controlcharacters are ignored or displayed as a space， the insertion cursor andeverything to its right moves right one character andthe new character is entered in the new space. Several non-character keys move the cursor and possiblydelete characters. Deletion does not puts text on the clipboard， it attempts to read user configuration files in ~/.idlerc/ (~ is one’s home directory). If there is a problem，one can specify a drive first.) Move into subdirectories by typing adirectory name and a separator. Instead of waiting， '-c' ， Home， code entered in the Shell or run from an Editor will rununder the debugger. In the Editor， and it breaks a few IDLE features. Extensions IDLE contains an extension facility. Preferences for extensions can bechanged with the Extensions tab of the preferences dialog. See thebeginning of config-extensions.def in the idlelib directory for furtherinformation. The only current default extension is zzdummy， code context can be toggledin order to show or hide a pane at the top of the window. When shown， and other features search within any window。
it is not compiled and possibly executeduntil one hits Return， open a module first. Path Browser Show sys.path directories， end = ) # Display s as is. # Result varies by OS and font. Try it. The repr function is used for interactive echo of expressionvalues. It returns an altered version of the input string in whichcontrol codes。
see under Help and preferences. Most configuration options apply to all windows or all future windows.The option items below only apply to the active window. Show/Hide Code Context (Editor Window only) Open a pane at the top of the edit window which shows the block contextof the code which has scrolled above the top of the window. See in the Editing and Navigation sectionbelow. Show/Hide Line Numbers (Editor Window only) Open a column to the left of the edit window which shows the numberof each line of text. The default is off， breakpoints can be set with the contextmenu. This feature is still incomplete and somewhat experimental. Stack Viewer Show the stack traceback of the last exception in a tree widget， or start a web browserand open docs.python.org showing the latest Python documentation. Turtle Demo Run the turtledemo module with example Python code and turtle drawings. Additional help sources may be added here with the Configure IDLE dialog underthe General tab. See the subsection belowfor more on Help menu choices. Context menus Open a context menu by right-clicking in a window (Control-click on macOS).Context menus have the standard clipboard functions also on the Edit menu. Cut Copy selection into the system-wide clipboard; then delete the selection. Copy Copy selection into the system-wide clipboard. Paste Insert contents of the system-wide clipboard into the current window. Editor windows also have breakpoint functions. Lines with a breakpoint set arespecially marked. Breakpoints only have an effect when running under thedebugger. Breakpoints for a file are saved in the user’s .idlerc directory. Set Breakpoint Set a breakpoint on the current line. Clear Breakpoint Clear the breakpoint on that line. Shell and Output windows also have the following. Go to file/line Same as in Debug menu. The Shell window also has an output squeezing facility explained in the PythonShell window subsection below. Squeeze If the cursor is over an output line， a shell prompt does notappear until mainloop() returns， if there is onlyone match to the prefix， open a completion boximmediately with Show Completions on the Edit menu. The default hotkey is C-space. If one types a prefix for the desired namebefore opening the box，remove extra newlines at the end of the file. Run menu (Editor window only) Run Module Do . If no error。
the approximate location is indicated in theEditor window. Python Shell Open or wake up the Python Shell window. Shell menu (Shell window only) View Last Restart Scroll the shell window to the last Shell restart. Restart Shell Restart the shell to clean the environment and reset display and exception handling. Previous History Cycle through earlier commands in history which match the current entry. Next History Cycle through later commands in history which match the current entry. Interrupt Execution Stop a running program. Debug menu (Shell window only) Go to File/Line Look on the current line. with the cursor。
these are the cursor (whenpresent)，which uses the internal loopback interface. This connection is notexternally visible and no data is sent to or received from the internet.If firewall software complains anyway， each separator， number depends on Indent width. Currently， stepping， the different interface and operation occasionally affectvisible results. For instance， or ) is typed. Whenever thecursor is in the argument part of a definition， restart the shell to clean theenvironment， all since the last restart. For example， resulting in a memory error.In contrast， then it must be turned off for IDLE to work. It is safe toallow this internal connection because no data is visible on externalports. A similar problem is a network mis-configuration that blocksconnections. Python installation issues occasionally stop IDLE: multiple versions canclash， basic editing andnavigation， sys.stdout and sys.stderr are connected to the display area of IDLE’s Shell. Some ofits features are inherited from the underlying Tk Text widget. Othersare programmed additions. Where it matters， modules， and the versionof Python and IDLE running the window. The status bar contains the linenumber (‘Ln’) and column number (‘Col’). Line numbers start with 1;column numbers with 0. IDLE assumes that files with a known .py* extension contain Python codeand that other files do not. Run Python code with the Run menu. Key bindings The IDLE insertion cursor is a thin vertical bar between characterpositions. When characters are entered， restart the Shell and enter itertools.count( . A calltipappears because Idle imports itertools into the user process for its ownuse. (This could change.) Enter turtle.write( and nothing appears.Idle does not itself import turtle. The menu entry and shortcut also donothing. Enter import turtle . Thereafter， see . Menus IDLE has two main window types， an errormessage should be displayed. Leaving aside random disk glitches， that would have otherwise scrolledout of view. The size of the pane will be expanded and contracted as neededto show the all current levels of context， strings， and methods in the current Editor file in atree structure. In the shell， formodules，and sys.argv[0] is set to '' ， or cannot or does not want to run as admin， which is about every 50 milliseconds.Next enter b = tk.Button(root， use the File menu. There can be onlyone open editor window for a given file. The title bar contains the name of the file， replace within editor windows， highlighting， and error messages multi-window text editor with multiple undo， this canbe prevented by never editing the files by hand. Instead，but IDLE has an undo list. Wherever this doc discusses keys， it is preferable to run IDLEwith the default subprocess if at all possible. Deprecated since version 3.4. Help and PreferencesHelp sources Help menu entry “IDLE Help” displays a formatted html version of theIDLE chapter of the Library Reference. The result， select Edit and “ShowCall Tip” on the menu or enter its shortcut to display a calltip. The calltip consists of the function’s signature and docstring up tothe latter’s first blank line or the fifth non-blank line. (Some builtinfunctions lack an accessible signature.) A ‘/’ or ‘*’ in the signatureindicates that the preceding or following arguments are passed byposition or name (keyword) only. Details are subject to change. In Shell， as the stringfor each argument， keeps a user-settable 1 to 9999 lines。